Artificial night light and anthropogenic noise interact to influence bird abundance over a continental scale

The extent of artificial night light and anthropogenic noise (i.e., “light” “noise”) impacts is global has the capacity to threaten species across diverse ecosystems. Existing research involving or primarily focused on alone single species; however, these stimuli often co-occur little known about how co-exposure influences wildlife if why may vary in their responses. Here, we had three aims: (1) investigate species-specific responses light, noise, interaction between two using a spatially explicit approach model changes abundance 140 prevalent bird North America, (2) exposure length, (3) identify functional traits habitat affiliations that explain variation sensory with phylogenetically informed models. We found responded generally decreased abundance, additional presence interacted synergistically exacerbate its negative effects. Moreover, revealed emergent for several only reacted when co-occurred. Additionally, an length 47 increased during longer nights. In addition modifying behavior optimal temperature potential foraging opportunities, birds might be attracted yet suffer inadvertent physiological consequences. trait most strongly related avian response was affiliation. Specifically, occupy closed were less tolerant both stressors compared those open habitat. Further quantifying contexts intrinsic respond will fundamental understanding ecological consequences world ever louder brighter.